Lab Tests

Quality Control Lab Tests

Step-by-step procedures for quality control tests on soil, aggregate, cement and bitumen, as per IS codes.

๐ŸŸค Soil Tests (12)

Method for Preparation of Dry Soil Samples

IS 2720 (Part 1)

How to dry, break and sieve soil before testing.

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Determination of Water Content

IS 2720 (Part 2)

Oven-dry method to find the moisture in soil.

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Determination of Specific Gravity of Soil

IS 2720 (Part 3)

Density bottle method for soil solids.

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Grain Size Analysis (Sieve)

IS 2720 (Part 4)

Sieve analysis to find gravel, sand and fines.

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Grain Size Analysis (Hydrometer)

IS 2720 (Part 4)

Hydrometer method for silt and clay fractions.

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Liquid Limit (Casagrande Apparatus)

IS 2720 (Part 5)

Water content at which soil starts to flow.

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Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index

IS 2720 (Part 5)

3 mm thread test and PI = LL โˆ’ PL.

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California Bearing Ratio (CBR) โ€“ Laboratory

IS 2720 (Part 16)

Strength of subgrade for pavement design.

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Total Soluble Sulphates in Soil

IS 2720 (Part 27)

Volumetric method to check harmful sulphates.

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Dry Density by Sand Replacement

IS 2720 (Part 28)

Field test to check compaction of layers.

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Free Swell Index of Soil

IS 2720 (Part 40)

Finds expansive (swelling) clays.

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Field Identification Tests for Soils

IS 1498

Quick hand tests to identify soil on site.

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๐Ÿชจ Aggregate Tests (9)

Flakiness and Elongation Indices

IS 2386 (Part 1)

Checks the shape of coarse aggregate.

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Specific Gravity of Aggregate (Above 10 mm)

IS 2386 (Part 3)

Wire basket method; also gives water absorption.

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Specific Gravity of Aggregate (Below 10 mm)

IS 2386 (Part 3)

Pycnometer method for fine aggregate.

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Bulk Density and Voids

IS 2386 (Part 3)

Loose and rodded unit weight of aggregate.

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Bulking of Sand

IS 2386 (Part 3)

How much damp sand swells in volume.

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Aggregate Impact Value

IS 2386 (Part 4)

Toughness of aggregate against sudden blows.

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Ten Percent Fines Value

IS 2386 (Part 4)

Load that produces 10% fines; aggregate strength.

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Soundness of Aggregate

IS 2386 (Part 5)

Resistance to weathering (sodium/magnesium sulphate).

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Stripping Value of Aggregate

IS 6241

How well bitumen sticks to aggregate in water.

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๐Ÿงฑ Cement & Concrete Tests (5)

Fineness of Cement by Dry Sieving

IS 4031 (Part 1)

Residue on 90-micron sieve.

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Standard Consistency of Cement Paste

IS 4031 (Part 4)

Vicat apparatus; water needed for normal paste.

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Initial and Final Setting Time

IS 4031 (Part 5)

Vicat needle test for setting of cement.

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Compressive Strength of Cement

IS 4031 (Part 6)

Mortar cubes tested at 3, 7 and 28 days.

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Specific Gravity of Cement

IS 4031 (Part 11)

Le Chatelier flask method.

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๐Ÿ›ข๏ธ Bitumen Tests (3)

Specific Gravity of Bitumen

IS 1202

Density of bitumen compared to water.

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Penetration Value of Bitumen

IS 1203

Hardness/grade of bitumen with a standard needle.

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Softening Point of Bitumen

IS 1205

Ring and ball test; temperature at which bitumen softens.

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๐Ÿ”ฌ Lab Setup Tests (2)

List of Codes Required for Laboratory

Reference

IS and IRC codes a QC lab should keep.

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List of Equipment Required for Laboratory

Reference

Equipment needed to set up a QC lab.

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